Higher education students in contemporary France     

Olivier Galland IV  Marco Oberti 《教育政策杂志》2013,28(1):105-116

The number of students entering higher education started to increase significantly in the mid-1960s. This sharp growth has gone together with diversification in the social background of those attending, creation of new tracks (mainly in technology) and, more recently, a number of pedagogical innovations. Consequently, higher education students in the 1990s have little in common with those described by Pierre Bourdieu and Jean-Claude Passeron in Les héritiers, published in 1964: they are not just young bourgeois whose university career confirms ex-post the social position of his or her family. The relative democratization of access to higher education has allowed young people from other social classes to continue their studies after the baccalauréat. However, this democratization has also created new problems for higher education institutions. They must make financial, organizational and pedagogical adaptation to mass schooling. Higher education students also confront new problems in adapting to such demands of university work as autonomy and initiative. Students' living conditions have also changed: while remaining economically dependent on their parents, they enjoy, especially in the provinces, considerable freedom in the running of their personal lives.  相似文献   

NEET: A Phenomenom Yet to Be Explored     

Federico Batini  Vanessa Corallino  Giulia Toti  Marco Bartolucci 《Interchange》2017,48(1):19-37

Who are the NEET? How much do we know about this? What do institutions and the media know about them? How different definitions could get to shared policies? This paper tries to provide an initial overview of the situation regarding the NEET, through an analysis of the emerging international literature on the subject. Different definitions across nations are analyzed in order to reflect on the cultural differences and economics-work policies, in order to then analyze more in deep the Italian situation. In Italy, the phenomenon is still little known in society and, often, not recognized by the acronym NEET, with the many variables that define it, despite statistics showing a rise in numbers (26 % of the total population for the age group considered).  相似文献   

Seeking sustainability competence and capability in the ESD and HESD literature: an international philosophical hermeneutic analysis     

Kerry Shephard  Marco Rieckmann  Matthias Barth 《Environmental Education Research》2019,25(4):532-547

Education for sustainable development (ESD) and higher education for sustainable development (HESD) are complex, multidisciplinary fields of enquiry, drawing on concepts and terms from different disciplines and languages. Although the fields are advancing in their acceptability within educational systems worldwide, they are currently struggling to achieve sought-after graduate and societal outcomes such as environmentally-responsible or sustainability-focussed-citizenship. The research described in this article explores the possibility that miscommunication or misunderstanding of basic concepts within these fields is contributing to slow progress towards their objectives. We used a philosophical hermeneutic analysis to explore how the terms ‘competence’ and ‘capability’ are used within selected ESD/HESD papers. We identify substantial internal contradictions and inconsistencies with respect to differences between learners’ abilities and their willingness to perform these abilities, and to the educational context in which these outcomes are sought. We emphasise the importance of linking educational objectives with pedagogical approaches to teaching and assessment.  相似文献   

Cultural goods, cultivation of taste, satisfaction and increasing marginal utility during vacations   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Marco Alderighi  Eleonora Lorenzini 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2012,36(1):1-26

This paper analyzes the link between cultivation of taste and tourist satisfaction during vacations. A simple model shows that, when cultural capital accumulation matters, customers are ready to sacrifice some of their current utility in order to get higher returns in future, and therefore, the relation between satisfaction and the demand for cultural goods may be convex. On the contrary, when cultivation of taste comes from learning by consuming behavior, the relation is concave. An analysis based on 1,749 interviews in Aosta Valley in Summer 2008 provides some evidence in favor of the cultural capital accumulation hypothesis.  相似文献   

New product introduction and product tenure: What effects on firm growth?     

Marco Cucculelli 《Research Policy》2012,41(5):808-821

This study contributes to the recent empirical literature on the innovation-firm performance relationship by investigating the effect of product introduction on firm growth in a sample of Italian firms from 2000 to 2006. We adopted a novel approach that exploits the interpretative content of the tenure of the last product introduced (i.e., the number of years since its first introduction) as an additional variable into the explanatory scheme of firm sales growth rate. This variable aims to capture peculiar characteristics of new goods, such as their novelty and complexity. The estimated results confirmed the relevance of this model specification and helps in understanding the reason why previous studies have failed to find a statistically robust relationship between product innovation and growth. Moreover, we found the following: first, the release of a new product enhances growth opportunity among multiproduct firms; second, product development promotes the growth of firms belonging to sectors with stronger commitment to research and development; and third, new product development enhances firm growth substantially in those sectors that absorb externally originated patents.  相似文献   

Identification of a nonlinear dynamic biological model using the dominant parameter selection method     

Ilya Ioslovich  Marco Ivan Ramirez-Sosa Moran 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2010,347(6):1001-1014

The identification of nonlinear models sometimes encounters problems because of the limited amount of available measurements in combination with a large number of uncertain model parameters to be identified. E.g., the determination of the chemical composition of a lettuce crop is a rather expensive procedure; thus the number of experimental measurements is limited. As a result, the number of parameters of the dynamic model that can be successively identified is also limited, and the subset of the parameters to be identified must be chosen in a reasonable way.Parameter estimation for an extended nonlinear three-state model for lettuce growth in greenhouses is presented in this paper. The varying structural nitrogen concentration and water contents are the new elements included in the model. The dominant parameter selection (DPS) method was used to select a suitable set of identifiable parameters. The resulting calibrated model predicts quite well the experimental data which also include observations with severe nitrogen stress.  相似文献   

Mechanical and EMG responses of the vastus lateralis and changes in biochemical variables to isokinetic exercise in endurance and power athletes     

Rainoldi A  Gazzoni M  Merletti R  Minetto MA 《Journal of sports sciences》2008,26(3):321-331

Twelve endurance athletes and six power athletes performed fatiguing isokinetic knee flexions/extensions. Isokinetic torque was recorded during the exercise. Isometric torque, cortisol and lactate responses, electromyographic (EMG) mean power frequency, average rectified value, and conduction velocity were analysed before and after the isokinetic exercise to determine correlations between electrophysiological variables and mechanical performances and/or blood concentrations of biomarkers in the two groups of athletes. The EMG variables were estimated from signals recorded from the vastus lateralis in both voluntary and electrically elicited isometric contractions. Power athletes recorded higher values than endurance athletes for the following variables: pre-exercise isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), isokinetic MVC, rate of mechanical fatigue during isokinetic contractions, pre - post exercise variations and recovery times of conduction velocity and mean power frequency, and lactate concentrations. Moreover, conduction velocity overshooting was observed in endurance athletes during the recovery phase after exercise. The correlation analyses showed that the higher the rate of mechanical fatigue, the higher the lactate production and the reduction in conduction velocity due to the exercise.  相似文献   

Microtextural and microchemical studies of hydraulic ancient mortars: Two analytical approaches to understand pre-industrial technology processes     

Maria Pia Riccardi  Marco Lezzerini  Federico Car  Marco Franzini  Bruno Messiga 《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2007,8(4):350-360

Two different analytical approaches have been taken into account to investigate the role of Si-rich phases in enhance hydraulic reactions of bedding mortar mixtures from San Lorenzo Church in Milan (Northern Italy) and from the Medicean Aqueduct in Pisa (Central Italy). In the first case, mortars show clear hydraulic type reactions in the form of coronal layers between the reacting additive and the binder mass. In the second one, the hydraulic reactions do not develop visible mineral phases and processes have been inferred from chemical, mineralogical analyses and mass balance calculation. The microstructural studies not always are sufficient to understand the complex dynamics of reaction attained during pre-industrial manufacturing processing of mortars and related binders. In fact, if the reacting raw materials are fine-grained and/or have remarkable chemical reactivity, no relicts are preserved by mortar microtextures.  相似文献   

Physiological characteristics of America's Cup sailors   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Bernardi M  Quattrini FM  Rodio A  Fontana G  Madaffari A  Brugnoli M  Marchetti M 《Journal of sports sciences》2007,25(10):1141-1152

The aim of this study was to assess the physiological profile of America's Cup grinders and mastmen, by measuring energy expenditure during sailing and assessing their aerobic and anaerobic fitness. The study focused on estimating the energy used during grinding activity, by measuring oxygen uptake (VO(2)) during sail setting in real sailing conditions. In the laboratory, using an arm-cranking ergometer, we measured VO(2peak) during an incremental maximal exercise test and total energy expended during the effort and recovery phases of an all-out test that simulated grinding activity, in six grinders and mastmen and ten sailors of the same crew. Total energy used during grinding corresponded to 45% (s = 9) and 51% (s = 5) of that used in the all-out test (234 kJ, s = 21.7) for tacks and gybes, respectively. In both grinding activity and the all-out test, VO(2) increased during and after the effort. The "VO(2) top value" was 53% (s = 8.6), 68% (s = 5.5), and 78% (s = 3.1) of VO(2peak) (4.7 l . min(-1), s = 0.43) in tacks, gybes, and the all-out test, respectively. During fast sequences of grinding activity, the "VO(2) top value" reached 65% (s = 7.1) VO(2peak) in tacks and 91% (s = 3.3) VO(2peak) in gybes. Our results suggest that grinders and mastmen are characterized by a high anaerobic capacity but their performance can be improved by powering aerobic fitness, to increase this energy contribution to all-out efforts and to guarantee fast recovery when grinding activity is repeated with short rest intervals.  相似文献   

Editorial     

Marco Todeschini 《欧洲师范教育杂志》1993,16(2):91-94

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